Introduction to Web Components

Web Components are a set of web platform APIs that allow developers to create reusable and encapsulated UI components. These components work across different frameworks and can be used as standard HTML elements.

Core Technologies of Web Components

1. Custom Elements – Define new HTML elements.
2. Shadow DOM – Encapsulate component styles and behavior.
3. HTML Templates – Reusable markup structures.

1. Custom Elements

Custom elements allow you to define new HTML elements with custom behavior.

Example:

class MyComponent extends HTMLElement {
    constructor() {
        super();
        this.innerHTML = "<p>Hello, Web Components!</p>";
    }
}
customElements.define('my-component', MyComponent);

Usage:

<my-component></my-component>

2. Shadow DOM

Shadow DOM encapsulates the styles and markup of a component, preventing conflicts with global styles.

Example:

class ShadowComponent extends HTMLElement {
    constructor() {
        super();
        let shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
        shadow.innerHTML = `<style>p { color: blue; }</style><p>Shadow DOM Content</p>`;
    }
}
customElements.define('shadow-component', ShadowComponent);

Usage:

<shadow-component></shadow-component>

3. HTML Templates

HTML templates allow reusable structures that do not render until added to the DOM.

Example:

<template id="my-template">
    <p>This is a template</p>
</template>
<script>
    let template = document.getElementById('my-template');
    document.body.appendChild(template.content.cloneNode(true));
</script>

Advantages of Web Components

• Reusability
• Encapsulation
• Framework Independence
• Maintainability

Conclusion

Web Components provide a powerful way to build reusable, encapsulated Ui components for modern web development. By leveraging Custom Elements, Shadow DOM, and HTML Templates, developers can create efficient and modular web applications.